The Doji  is a single day pattern. It is a single candlestick where the open and close price is equal or very close to be the same. 
Doji indicates indecision in the market and is considered as a trend reversal pattern. 
Psychology of Doji pattern is 
When  a market is at an uptrend and a Doji appears then neither the bears nor the bulls have the ability to push prices in their direction.  This inability or indecision to move the markets in one direction will be seen as a trend change candlestick pattern.

For example, if Doji appears after an uptrend, it shows that bulls are unable to push prices much  higher  resulting in traders deciding to sell and pushing the asset  prices lower. This is a Doji  Top Reversal  Candlestick. 
If Doji appears after a downtrend, it shows that bears are unable to push prices much lower resulting in traders deciding to buy and pushing the prices of the asset higher. This is a Doji  Bottom  Reversal  Candlestick. 

The long legged doji is a doji with long upper and lower shadows. When a long legged doji has the open and close in the middle of the upper and lower shadow, it is referred to as a rickshaw man. Dragonfly Doji and Gravestone Doji are other types of Doji.

Practice Doji – Beginner

Practice Doji – Intermediate

Practice Doji – Expert

The Dragonfly Doji is a single day pattern. It  has a ‘T’ shape. This occurs when the open and close are the same and there is a long lower shadow and no upper shadow. Having a very small upper shadow is OK.
Dragonfly Doji indicates indecision in the market and is considered as a possible trend reversal pattern. This is bullish candlestick

Psychology of Dragonfly Doji pattern is that market is on a downtrend and on the day when Dragonfly Doji appears bears are able to push prices downwards and then bulls manage to push prices back up. When prices are returned to the day open level the dragonfly doji is complete. It is very common for the lower shadow of the Dragonfly Doji to act as an area of support for future prices. 
Gravestone Doji is the opposite of Dragonfly Doji.

If dragonfly doji appears after a price rise then it can indicate potential price fall of an asset. Look at the next day’s candlestick for confirmation. 

Practice Dragonfly Doji – Beginner

Practice Dragonfly Doji – Intermediate

Practice Dragonfly Doji – Expert

An exchange is a physical location or virtual / electronic based which provides opportunities for traders for buying and selling financial assets like Shares, Forex, Indices, Commodities, Crypto currencies.

Shares -These are small units of  ownership in a company, such as Apple, Google, HSBC.
Indices -This indicates group of companies, represented as a single number, eg the FTSE 100, S&P 500, Nikkei 225.
Forex – These are global currencies, including the pound, dollar, euro.
Commodities – These are physical assets, raw materials and agricultural products, for example gold, oil, corn.
Crypto currency : A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend.

Traders use online brokers instead of dealing directly with exchanges. 

Examples of brokers are eToro, ETrade.
Examples of exchanges are London Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, Coinbase, Binance.

Practice Exchanges – Beginner

The Evening Star is a three day pattern i.e it has three candlesticks. 

The first day is a long bullish candlestick after a preceding uptrend.  Second day is a little  bullish or bearish candlestick. It gaps up i.e opens at a higher price than the first day’s closing price. 
Third day is a large bearish candlestick and it closes into the first day’s bullish candlestick real body, ideally well down into it.

Psychology of the Evening Star pattern is that the market is on an uptrend  and on the first day of the pattern is a large bullish candlestick which reinforces the existing uptrend.
Next on the second day the candlestick opens higher with a gap up showing bulls in control but bears take control and manage to control the price push. This results in a small real body of the candlestick.
On the third day, bears take control and push prices down creating a long bearish candlestick and change in market sentiment to downtrend.

If the second day candlestick is a Doji then the pattern is called Evening Doji star. Evening star and Evening Doji Star are top reversal patterns.

Practice Evening Star – Beginner

Practice Evening Star – Intermediate

The Hanging Man is a single day pattern.

It has a none or very little upper shadow and the real body is towards the top of the candlestick. Real body itself can be bullish or bearish. For real impact, the lower shadow of the hanging man should be at least two times the height of the real body. 

Hanging man occurs during an uptrend and can signal the top of that uptrend. Trader has to wait for confirmation of the hanging man’s impact with the  next trading day session close and make sure  it is below the hanging man’s real body. 

Hanging man is a bearish trend reversal pattern and occurs during an uptrend and could indicate that the price of the asset might start going down. 

Psychology of Hanging man pattern is that market is in a uptrend  and 

On the market day of hanging man open bears start selling resulting in price decline.During the day, bulls  take over control and push prices back towards the start of the day price. The closing price can be above or below the open, although the close should be near the open in order for the real body to remain small. 

Next trading day after the hanging man appears ,if the price opens lower on the price chart then  traders who bought at the opening or closing of the day might give up and sell resulting in lowering of the asset price. This confirms bears are in control. 

Whereas Hammer indicates potential price reversal to uptrend, Hanging man signals a potential price reversal to downtrend.

The Hammer is a single day pattern. This occurs when the price of the asset being traded  goes down significantly lower than the opening price and then bounces back on the same day to close near the opening price.

Hammer Candlestick has a small real body and long lower shadow. Usually Lower shadow is at least twice the size of the real body. 

Hammer candlestick is considered as a bullish reversal pattern.

Psychology of Hammer pattern is that market is in a downtrend and 

On the market day  open bears start selling resulting in price decline.During the day, bulls  take over control and push prices back towards the start of the day price. The closing price can be above or below the open, although the close should be near the open in order for the real body to remain small. After hammer, traders have to get confirmation of  asset price movement upwards. 

Where Doji indicates price reversal or trend continuation, hammer signals a potential upside reversal.

Practice Hammer – Beginner

Practice Hammer – Intermediate

In order to study how the price of a traded security moves, a trader needs some sort of way to look at its historical and current price behavior.A  price chart is usually a preferred first tool that most of the traders use for technical analysis 
A chart is simply a visual representation of a traded security’s price over a set period of time.

On the chart, the y-axis (vertical axis) represents the price scale and the x-axis(horizontal axis) represents the time scale. Prices are plotted from left to right across the x-axis.

A chart aggregates every buy and sell transaction of that financial instrument (in our case, currency pairs) at any given moment. A price chart depicts changes in supply and demand.

Below are the some of the most popular types of Price Charts

1. Line chart 
2. Bar chart
3. Candlestick chart

Charts are useful  because they make it easier for us to present securities being traded in a visual and organized manner.
Charts blend all activity from the millions of market participants of all types and it doesn’t matter  whether they’re humans or machines!

Practice Charts & Types – Beginner

Practice Charts & Types – Intermediate